Not all Americans got poor right after the stock market crash of 1929. Some even stayed rich for the whole ten years of the Great Depression.
But many families did have a very hard time. Millions of workers lost their jobs. Tens of thousands of people lost their homes. They didn’t have enough money to pay the mortgage. (That’s a loan people get to buy a house.) From 1929 to 1933, the government didn’t help people out much, either.