In 63 BCE, the Roman Empire annexed Syria and Judaea, the ancient homeland of the Jewish people. There were still many Jews living in Judaea at the time.
However, because of past conquests and exiles, there were also Jews living all over the Roman Empire. Thousands lived in the city of Rome. Syria and Egypt also had large Jewish populations. Unlike most of Rome’s conquered peoples, the Jews believed in one God. Thus, the Roman belief in many gods and goddesses directly clashed with their beliefs. As a result, they refused to worship Roman gods. Since they did not discourage others from worshipping Roman gods, they were allowed to practice Judaism in peace for many years. Over time, however, conflicts about religion grew between the Jews and the Roman government.
